Forests play critical roles in global ecosystem processes and provide numerous services to
society. But forests are increasingly affected by a variety of human influences, especially …

DNAbased techniques are increasingly used for measuring the biodiversity (species
presence, identity, abundance and community composition) of terrestrial and aquatic …

Current approaches to conservation may be inadequate to maintain ecosystem integrity
because they are mostly based on rarity status of organisms rather than functional …

Invasions of alien plants are typically studied as invasions of individual species, yet
interactions between plants and symbiotic fungi (mutualists and potential pathogens) affect …

Belowground biota can deeply influence plant invasion. The presence of appropriate soil
mutualists can act as a driver to enable plants to colonize new ranges. We reviewed the …

Many species in the family Pinaceae are invaders. These species are relatively easy to
control because of some of their intrinsic characteristics and because they are highly visible …

The consumption of fungi by animals is a significant trophic interaction in most terrestrial
ecosystems, yet the role mammals play in these associations has been incompletely …

Dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi via animals and the importance for the interacting partners' life
history as well as for ecosystems is an understudied topic. In this review, we describe the …

Forest ecosystems world-wide are being subjected to invasion by organisms representing
all domains of life. Here we use a combined aboveground-belowground approach to …

Symbiotic associations between mammals and fungi have been well documented and are
widely regarded as vital to ecosystem functions around the world. Symbioses between birds …