Micronutrients like copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) are essential for
plants, and their functions are tightly linked for vital metabolism. The normal concentration …

Most of the heavy metals (HMs), and metals/metalloids are released into the nature either by
natural phenomenon or anthropogenic activities. Being sessile organisms, plants are …

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in
plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive …

Contents I. Introduction 295 II. Evolution of the Plant Vascular System 295 III. Phloem
Development & Differentiation 300 IV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xylem Cell …

Iron is an essential element for plant growth and development. While abundant in soil, the
available Fe in soil is limited. In this regard, plants have evolved a series of mechanisms for …

Key message Knowledge of genetic variation, genetics, physiology/molecular basis and
breeding (including biotechnological approaches) for biofortification and bioavailability for …

The diets of over two‐thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral
elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation …

Micronutrient malnutrition affects over 2 billion people in the developing world. Iron (Fe)
deficiency alone affects> 47% of all preschool aged children globally, often leading to …

Phytoremediation the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental
cleanup, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has …

Copper is an essential metal for plants. It plays key roles in photosynthetic and respiratory
electron transport chains, in ethylene sensing, cell wall metabolism, oxidative stress …