A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis

F Graus, MJ Titulaer, R Balu, S Benseler… - The lancet …, 2016 - thelancet.com
Encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain with many possible causes and a
complex differential diagnosis. Advances in autoimmune encephalitis research in the past …

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with autoimmune encephalitis—a systematic analysis

T Blinder, J Lewerenz - Frontiers in neurology, 2019 - frontiersin.org
Autoimmune encephalitides (AIE) comprise a group of inflammatory diseases of the central
nervous system (CNS), which can be further characterized by the presence of different …

MOG antibody–positive, benign, unilateral, cerebral cortical encephalitis with epilepsy

R Ogawa, I Nakashima, T Takahashi… - Neurology …, 2017 - AAN Enterprises
Objective: To describe the features of adult patients with benign, unilateral cerebral cortical
encephalitis positive for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody. Methods …

The clinical spectrum of Caspr2 antibody–associated disease

A van Sonderen, H Ariño, M Petit-Pedrol, F Leypoldt… - Neurology, 2016 - AAN Enterprises
Objective: To report a large cohort of patients with antibodies against contactin-associated
protein-like 2 (Caspr2) and provide the clinical spectrum of this disorder. Methods: Serum …

The value of LGI1, Caspr2 and voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies in encephalitis

A Van Sonderen, M Petit-Pedrol, J Dalmau… - Nature Reviews …, 2017 - nature.com
The discovery, in 2010, of autoantibodies against the extracellular proteins LGI1 and Caspr2
facilitated a change of view regarding the clinical importance of voltage-gated potassium …

Immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review

M Nosadini, SS Mohammad… - Expert review of …, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
We have reviewed the literature of immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis associated
with antibodies to cell surface antigens including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) …

The relevance of VGKC positivity in the absence of LGI1 and Caspr2 antibodies

A van Sonderen, MWJ Schreurs, MAAM De Bruijn… - Neurology, 2016 - AAN Enterprises
Objective: To assess the clinical relevance of a positive voltage-gated potassium channel
(VGKC) test in patients lacking antibodies to LGI1 and Caspr2. Methods: VGKC-positive …

[HTML][HTML] From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: the evolution of a disease entity over time

A van Sonderen, MWJ Schreurs, PW Wirtz… - Autoimmunity …, 2016 - Elsevier
A wide variety of clinical syndromes has been associated with antibodies to voltage-gated
potassium channels (VGKCs). Six years ago, it was discovered that patients do not truly …

[HTML][HTML] Antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalopathies and immunotherapies

M Gastaldi, A Thouin, A Vincent - Neurotherapeutics, 2016 - Elsevier
Over the last 15 years it has become clear that rare but highly recognizable diseases of the
central nervous system (CNS), including newly identified forms of limbic encephalitis and …

Stop testing for autoantibodies to the VGKC-complex: only request LGI1 and CASPR2

S Michael, P Waters, SR Irani - Practical Neurology, 2020 - pn.bmj.com
Autoantibodies to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein
like-2 (CASPR2) are associated with clinically distinctive syndromes that are highly …