Plant roots associate with diverse microbes (including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and
viruses) collectively called the root-associated microbiome. Among them, mycorrhizal fungi …

Legumes, unlike most land plants, can form symbiotic root nodules with nitrogen‐fixing
bacteria to secure nitrogen for growth. The formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules on legume …

Abstract The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental
question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity …

Since 1999, various forward-and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200
genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries …

All plants are inhabited internally by diverse microbial communities comprising bacterial,
archaeal, fungal, and protistic taxa. These microorganisms showing endophytic lifestyles …

Plants associate with a wide range of microorganisms, with both detrimental and beneficial
outcomes. Central to plant survival is the ability to recognize invading microorganisms and …

Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including
legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing …

Lotus japonicus has been used for decades as a model legume to study the establishment
of binary symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia that trigger root nodule …

Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic association with leguminous plants, resulting in
differentiated bacteria enclosed in intracellular compartments called symbiosomes within …

Plants have lived in close association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for over 400
million years. Today, this endosymbiosis occurs broadly in the plant kingdom where it has a …