Brain extracellular space is the narrow microenvironment that surrounds every cell of the
central nervous system. It contains a solution that closely resembles cerebrospinal fluid with …

Diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS) of the brain is constrained by the volume fraction
and the tortuosity and a modified diffusion equation represents the transport behavior of …

Transport of solutes through brain involves diffusion and convection. The importance of
convective flow in the subarachnoid and paravascular spaces has long been recognized; a …

The ultimate promise of diffusion MRI (dMRI) models is specificity to neuronal microstructure,
which may lead to distinct clinical biomarkers using noninvasive imaging. While multi …

Diffusion within the extracellular space (ECS) of the brain is necessary for chemical
signaling and for neurons and glia to access nutrients and therapeutics; however, the width …

A “glymphatic system,” which involves convective fluid transport from para-arterial to
paravenous cerebrospinal fluid through brain extracellular space (ECS), has been proposed …

Therapeutics must diffuse through the brain extracellular space (ECS) in order to distribute
within the central nervous system (CNS) compartment; this requirement holds both for drugs …

Glymphatic fluid transport eliminates metabolic waste from the brain including amyloid-β, yet
the methodology for studying efflux remains rudimentary. Here, we develop a method to …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocytes throughout the central nervous system,
particularly at the blood–brain and brain–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Phenotype analysis of …

Actions of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate inside and outside the synaptic cleft
determine the activity of neural circuits in the brain. However, to what degree local glutamate …