Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased throughout the world's coastal oceans during
the last century mostly due to water eutrophication and climate change. These blooms are …

This chapter introduces the environmental gradients that characterize the broader Red Sea
habitat. The Red Sea is formed by an actively spreading rift and notably has only one natural …

Variations in the physico-chemical characteristics of estuaries, such as surface water salinity
and temperature, lead to the establishment of gradients that are closely related with the …

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in oceans have been extensively studied, and
advancements in associated disciplines have rapidly progressed, enabling the exploration …

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second strongest greenhouse gas and it is emitted to the
atmosphere naturally by different sources. It is crucial to define the dimension of these …

Vegetated coastal ecosystems along the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts of Saudi Arabia
thrive in an extremely arid and oligotrophic environment, with high seawater temperatures …

Abstract The Red Sea depicts a north–south gradient of positively correlated temperature
and nutrient concentration. Despite its overall oligotrophic characteristics, primary …

Mesopelagic fishes and invertebrates contribute to the biological carbon pump (BCP)
through direct and indirect effects on the gravitational, diffusive, and migrant (active) fluxes …

Hydrographic and atmospheric forcing set fundamental constraints on the biogeochemistry
of aquatic ecosystems and manifest in the patterns of nutrient availability and recycling …

Eutrophication (ie the increase of [in-] organic nutrients) may affect the functioning of coral
reefs, but knowledge about the effects on nitrogen (N) cycling and its relationship to …