The central nervous system (CNS) underlies memory, perception, decision-making, and
behavior in numerous organisms. However, neural networks have no monopoly on the …

The rich variety of biological forms and behaviours results from one evolutionary history on
Earth, via frozen accidents and selection in specific environments. This ubiquitous baggage …

Understanding how organisms establish their form during embryogenesis and regeneration
represents a major knowledge gap in biological pattern formation. It has been recently …

Self-organised emergent patterns can be widely seen in natural and man-made complex
systems generated by interactions among local components without external or global …

What determines large-scale anatomy? DNA does not directly specify geometrical
arrangements of tissues and organs, and a process of encoding and decoding for …

It is widely assumed in developmental biology and bioengineering that optimal
understanding and control of complex living systems follows from models of molecular …

Living systems exhibit remarkable abilities to self-assemble, regenerate, and remodel
complex shapes. How cellular networks construct and repair specific anatomical outcomes …

Ever-increasing requirements for structural performance drive the research and the
development of stronger, tougher and lighter materials. Specific microstructures …

Trainability, in any substrate, refers to the ability to change future behavior based on past
experiences. An understanding of such capacity within biological cells and tissues would …

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic of debate.
We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between …