Vulvodynia is a condition that occurs in 8–10% of women of all ages and is characterized by
pain at the vulva that is present during sexual and/or non-sexual situations. Diagnosis is …

Patients with pelvic pain suffer from psychological conditions at a disproportionately high
rate compared with their peers. We review environmental, genetic, inflammatory, and …

Vulvodynia is one the most common causes of pain during sexual intercourse in
premenopausal women. The burden of vulvodynia in a woman's life can be devastating due …

Vulvodynia, defined as vulvar pain or burning sensation for more than 3 months, without an
identifiable cause, can occur at any age. In this paper, the authors address the classification …

Introduction Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), characterized by cyclic pain, may involve pain
modulation within the reward system (RS). The Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) …

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the association between cytokines/neurokines
after in vitro stimulation with Candida antigen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood samples …

The mechanisms of pain in tendinopathy are unclear. Current theories implicate tendon
structural changes, neovascularisation, inflammation or changes in central pain processing …

No single aetiologic factor has been identified for vulvodynia, and it is currently considered
to have a multifactorial background. The associated factors described in the classification of …

Background Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common injury in athletes and sedentary
individuals, which presents as pain and loss of function in the lower limb. Tendon pathology …

Vulvodynia is a complex disorder whose classic symptom is severe pain on vaginal
penetration with a tampon, speculum, finger, or penis. This chapter discusses the potential …