Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of both type 1
(T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines recommend a personalized …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a multi-organ disease characterized by the complex
interaction between heart and kidney during acute or chronic injury. The pathogenesis of …

Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major burden worldwide. In the
last decades, the prevalence of T2DM became higher than that of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most common and severe microvascular
complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), is an important risk factor for DM patient's death …

Vitamin D presents a plethora of different functions that go beyond its role in skeletal
homeostasis. It is an efficient endocrine regulator of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone …

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic autoinflammatory disease with autosomal
recessive transmission, characterized by periodic fever attacks with self-limited serositis …

Phosphorus, an essential nutrient, performs vital functions in skeletal and non-skeletal
tissues and is pivotal for energy production. The last two decades of research on the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that affects> 10% of the total
population worldwide or> 800 million people. CKD poses a particularly heavy burden in low …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid deterioration of kidney function,
representing a global healthcare concern. In addition, AKI survivors frequently develop …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among
premenopausal women. PCOS may have reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and …