Backward locomotion is used increasingly in sports and rehabilitation. However, it is unclear
whether training effects of backward walking (BW)/backward running (BR) can be …

Background: Studies have demonstrated that ambulatory children and adolescents with
cerebral palsy demonstrate atypical gait patterns. Out of numerous gait variables …

Detailed descriptions of gait impairments have been reported in cerebral palsy (CP), but it is
still unclear how maturation of the spinal motoneuron output is affected. Spatiotemporal …

Background Acquiring motor skills is fundamental for children's development since it is
linked to cognitive development. However, access to early detection of motor development …

The aims of this study were to compare coordination and coordination variability in
backward and forward running and to investigate the effects of speed on coordination …

To investigate how early injuries to developing motor regions of the brain affect different
forms of gait, we compared the spatiotemporal locomotor patterns during forward (FW) and …

Background Backward walking training (BWT) is thought to affect gait biomechanics, but
relevant evidence has been sparse and inconclusive. Objective This study systematically …

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of constraining arm swing on the
vertical displacement of the body's center of mass (COM) during treadmill walking and …

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of forward and backward walking using different
treadmill incline positions on lower muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy, to provide …

The accomplishment of mature locomotor movements relies upon the integrated
coordination of the lower and upper limbs and the trunk. Human adults normally swing their …