Background: The prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety disorders are significantly different
between women and men, with research showing a greater impact on women. The aim of …

The immediate and long-term effects of exposure to early life stress (ELS) have been
documented in humans and animal models. Even relatively brief periods of stress during the …

Rewriting the pernicious, enduring relationship between Blackness and animality in the
history of Western science and philosophy, Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an …

Background We are witnessing renewed debates regarding definitions and boundaries of
human gender/sex, where lines of genetics, gonadal hormones, and secondary sex …

Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that data from female rodents, tested without
regard for estrous stage, is no more variable than male data across a range of traits …

This paper develops the conceptual framework of" sex contextualism" for the study of sex-
related variables in biomedical research. Sex contextualism offers an alternative to binary …

Neurological illnesses, including cognitive impairment, memory decline and dementia, affect
over 50 million people worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on individuals and society …

Biological differences between males and females are found at multiple levels. However,
females have too often been under-represented in behavioral neuroscience research, which …

Depression and anxiety are diagnosed almost twice as often in women, and the
symptomology differs in men and women and is sensitive to sex hormones. The basolateral …

Neuroscience research has historically demonstrated sex bias that favors male over female
research subjects, as well as sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. Here we …