Aquatic invertebrates are the organisms most susceptible to ammonia toxicity. However, the
toxic effects of ammonia on invertebrates are still poorly understood. This study reviews the …

Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of
noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and …

How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the
bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this …

Safety of healthcare workers in hospitals is a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Being exposed for several working hours per day to infected patients, nurses dealing with …

Recently, the role of mitochondrial activity in high-energy demand organs and in the
orchestration of whole-body metabolism has received renewed attention. In mitochondria …

Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for
the core motor deficits of Parkinson's disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous …

Simple Summary With old age, the strength and size of our muscles worsens with time,
affecting our ability to carry out daily activities. Muscle wasting may be more dangerous for …

Calcium is an important second messenger regulating a bioenergetic response to the
workloads triggered by neuronal activation. In embryonic mouse cortical neurons using …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, disabling
millions worldwide. Despite the imperative PD poses, at present, there is no cure or means …

Pain is a complex physiological process that includes many components. Growing evidence
supports the idea that oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling pathways participate in pain …