The evolutionarily conserved actions of the sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-
phosphate (S1P), in yeast, plants and mammals have shown that it has important functions …

Vanadium is a trace element, which may be beneficial and possibly essential in humans1
but certainly essential for some living organisms. 2r11 Metal ions and thus vanadium ions …

Several contemporary enzymes catalyze alternative reactions distinct from their normal
biological reactions. In some cases the alternative reaction is similar to a reaction that is …

Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), an enzyme found mainly in the liver and the kidneys,
plays the important role of providing glucose during starvation. Unlike most phosphatases …

Mg 2+-dependent phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase (3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase,
EC 3.1. 3.4) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of PA to yield diacylglycerol and P i. In this …

The biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a complex process involving many
different steps taking place in the cytoplasm (synthesis of the nucleotide precursors) and on …

Sphingosine 1-phosphate is formed in cells in response to diverse stimuli, including growth
factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, antigen, etc. Its production is …

Sequence-Evolution-Function is an introduction to the computational approaches that play a
critical role in the emerging new branch of biology known as functional genomics. The book …

Lipopolysaccharide or LPS is localized to the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and serves
as the major surface component of the bacterial cell envelope. This remarkable glycolipid is …

Vanadium is an element ubiquitously present in our planet's crust and thus there are several
organisms that use vanadium for activity or function of proteins. Examples are the vanadium …