Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world: 20% of cultivated
land in the world, and 33% of irrigated land, are salt-affected and degraded. This process …

Chlorinated disinfectants are widely used in hospitals, COVID-19 quarantine facilities,
households, institutes, and public areas to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus as …

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid
areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt …

The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as
well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Plants are frequently exposed to a plethora of unfavorable or even adverse environmental
conditions, termed as abiotic stresses (such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy …

Plants are affected by salt stress in a variety of ways, including water deficiency, ion toxicity,
nutrient imbalance, and oxidative stress, all of which can cause cellular damage or plant …

Soil and water salinity substantially constrain crop and biomass production. Research over
the last two plus decades, facilitated by advances in molecular genetics and biotechnology …

Background Salt stress has become a major threat to plant growth and productivity.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize plant root systems and modulate plant growth in …

Despite the fact that most plants accumulate both sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl–) ions to
high concentration in their shoot tissues when grown in saline soils, most research on salt …