▪ Abstract Neuropeptides regulate all important physiological, developmental, and
behavioral processes in insects. Here, I review two major physiological events that are …

Our knowledge on primary structure, synthesis, release, receptor binding, structure–activity
relationships, mode of action and degradation of, mainly, neuropeptides from insects has …

Maintenance of biological functions under negative energy balance depends on
mobilization of storage lipids and carbohydrates in animals. In mammals, glucagon and …

Since all life processes depend on energy, the endocrine control of energy metabolism is
one of the driving forces for the performance of an individual. Here, we review the literature …

Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) mobilise lipids, carbohydrates and/or proline from insect fat
body stores. In addition, AKHs inhibit lipid and protein synthesis in the fat body. In the current …

This review deals with some lesser known functions of adipokinetic hormones (AKHs),
specifically those that are not associated directly with flight activity. The data summarized …

Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them are poorly
understood. Movement and oxygen are essential to all animals, and as such, the common …

Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are insect neuropetides responding to stress situations
including oxidative stress. Two insecticides–endosulfan and malathion–were used to elicit …

Adipokinetic hormones (Akhs) are small peptides (8–10 amino acid [aa] residues long)
found in insects that regulate metabolic responses to stress by stimulating catabolic …

Crustacean neuropeptides (NPs) play important roles in the regulation of most physiological
activities, including growth, molting and reproduction. In this study, we have performed an in …