Ventilatory responses to hypoxia vary widely depending on the pattern and length of hypoxic
exposure. Acute, prolonged, or intermittent hypoxic episodes can increase or decrease …

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary brainstem centre for the integration of
physiological information from the periphery transmitted via the vagus nerve. In turn, the NTS …

Ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH) is the time-dependent increase in ventilation,
which persists upon return to normoxia and involves plasticity in both central nervous system …

Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation (SI) is associated
with neuroinflammation in the brain, hypotension, tachycardia, and multiple organs …

Atoh1-null mice die at birth from respiratory failure, but the precise cause has remained
elusive. Loss of Atoh1 from various components of the respiratory circuitry (eg the …

Cocaine affects both cerebral blood vessels and neuronal activity in brain. Cocaine can also
disrupt astrocytes, which modulate neurovascular coupling—a process that regulates …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of
chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which has been linked to the development of …

The pathways for peripheral-to-central immune communication (P→ C I-comm) following
sterile lung injury (SLI) are unknown. SLI evokes systemic and central inflammation, which …

The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the first central site for the termination and integration of
autonomic and respiratory sensory information. Sensory afferents terminating in the nTS as …

Key points Rats subjected to sustained hypoxia (SH) present increases in arterial pressure
(AP) and in glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons …