Biodegradable poly (lactic acid)(PLA) presents suitable physicochemical properties and
biocompatibility for biomedical engineering. However, PLA has some drawbacks, such as …

The exciting properties of micro-and nano-patterned surfaces found in natural species hide
a virtually endless potential of technological ideas, opening new opportunities for innovation …

Photoactivated materials have found widespread use in biological and medical applications
and are playing an increasingly important role in the nascent field of three-dimensional (3D) …

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising alternative to repair bone defects using
biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to attain satisfactory outcomes. This review …

Abstract Functional three-dimensional (3D) microscopic and nanoscopic structures have the
potential to significantly drive the development of innovative bioapplications. As the only 3D …

The introduction of two-photon polymerization (2PP) to the field of tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine (TERM) has led to great expectations for the production of scaffolds …

The needs for high-resolution, well-defined and complex 3D microstructures in diverse fields
call for the rapid development of novel 3D microfabrication techniques. Among those, two …

Two-photon polymerization of a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel structure has been widely
applied in biological tissue engineering. For improving the biocompatibility of hydrogel …

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine life sciences and
engineering to create therapies that regenerate functional tissue. Early work in tissue …

The design of a scaffold of bone tissue engineering plays an important role in ensuring cell
viability and cell growth. Therefore, it is a necessity to produce an ideal scaffold by predicting …