The major increase in discharge duration and plasma energy in a next step DT fusion
reactor will give rise to important plasma-material effects that will critically influence its …

The design, construction and operation of advanced divertors have been the main topics of
tokamak research during the last decade. The design of these divertors (carried out with two …

Progress, since the ITER Physics Basis publication (ITER Physics Basis Editors et al 1999
Nucl. Fusion 39 2137–2664), in understanding the processes that will determine the …

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. The required detached
operation is, in tokamaks with metal walls, usually achieved by seeding of impurities, such …

The divertor of a tokamak reactor will have to satisfy a number of critical constraints, the first
of which is that the divertor targets not fail due to excessive heating or sputter-erosion. This …

Observations of divertor plasma detachment in tokamaks are reviewed. Plasma detachment
is characterized in terms of transport and dissipation of power, momentum and particle flux …

The basic physics of the processes playing the most important role in divertor plasma
detachment is reviewed. The models used in the two-dimensional edge plasma transport …

Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) have to withstand particle and heat loads from the plasma
and neutron loads during reactor operation. For ITER knowledge has been accumulated by …

High-performance and long-pulse operation is a crucial goal of current magnetic fusion
research. Here, we demonstrate a high-confinement plasma regime known as an H-mode …

Divertor detachment offers a promising solution to the challenge of plasma-wall interactions
for steady-state operation of fusion reactors. Here, we demonstrate the excellent …