Over the past 15 years there has been an explosion of research on the dynamical properties
of proteins, largely driven by the emergence of a handful of techniques that are sensitive to …

Chromophore cis/trans photoisomerization is a fundamental process in chemistry and in the
activation of many photosensitive proteins. A major task is understanding the effect of the …

This critical review describes our current knowledge on the folding, stability and
conformational dynamics of fluorescent proteins (FPs). The biophysical studies that have led …

The structural basis for the photochromism in the fluorescent protein Dronpa is poorly
understood, because the crystal structures of the bright state of the protein did not provide an …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) produce unprecedentedly large signals that
have enabled routine optical recording of single neuron activity in vivo in rodent brain …

Green fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria can serve as a good model
protein to understand protein folding in a complex environment with molecular chaperones …

Lead toxicity is associated with various human diseases. While Ca2+ binding proteins such
as calmodulin (CaM) are often reported to be molecular targets for Pb2+-binding and lead …

Fluorescent proteins are useful probes of protein localization and function both in vitro and
in vivo.[1–3] As a result, considerable effort has focused on engineering new properties into …

Short hydrogen bonds and specifically low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) have been the
focus of much attention and controversy for their possible role in enzymatic catalysis. The …

RsEGFP2 is a reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein used in super-resolved optical
microscopies, which can be toggled between a fluorescent On state and a nonfluorescent …