Bacteria have developed a large array of motility mechanisms to exploit available resources
and environments. These mechanisms can be broadly classified into swimming in aqueous …

Bacteria thrive both in liquids and attached to surfaces. The concentration of bacteria on
surfaces is generally much higher than in the surrounding environment, offering bacteria …

Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a new class of materials in which living organism
incorporated into diffusive matrices uptake a fundamental role in material's composition and …

The ability of eukaryotic cells to differentiate surface stiffness is fundamental for many
processes like stem cell development. Bacteria were previously known to sense the …

There is growing evidence that individual bacteria sense and respond to changes in
mechanical loading. However, the subtle responses of multispecies biofilms to dynamic fluid …

Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria that exist as aggregates that can adhere to
surfaces or be free-standing. This complex, social mode of cellular organization is …

Most microbes in the biosphere are attached to surfaces, where they experience mechanical
forces due to hydrodynamic flow and cell-to-substratum interactions. These forces likely …

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signal transduction systems provide bacteria with the ability to
sense changing cell status or environmental conditions and then execute suitable …

Reversible switching of the bacterial flagellar motor between clockwise (CW) and
counterclockwise (CCW) rotation is necessary for chemotaxis, which enables cells to swim …

Highlights•Sensors for bacteria mostly rely on surface-immobilized capture probes, for
example, antibodies.•Surface features are critical in the bacterial transition from planktonic to …