Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age; it has prompted a paradigm shift in oncology, in
which therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. The first …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the management of various
cancers with previously poor prognosis. Despite its great efficacy, the therapy is associated …

Self tolerance loss is fundamental to autoimmunity. While understanding of immune
regulation is expanding rapidly, the mechanisms causing loss of tolerance in most …

The two main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)—Crohn's disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis (UC)—are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with a complex genetic …

Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression.
However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form …

Antitumor T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in immunosurveillance of malignancy. The CTL
antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a vital negative regulator of T-cell activation and proliferation. This …

Abstract The 3′ regulatory regions (3′ RRs) of human genes play an important role in
regulating mRNA 3′ end formation, stability/degradation, nuclear export, subcellular …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms may be
involved in the risk of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, evidence for the association …

To address the association between variants and breast cancer, an increasing number of
articles on genetic association studies, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and …