A comprehensive review of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels prepared by the
freezing/thawing (FT) process is presented. We discuss their preparation, gelation …

In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

The intrinsic compliance of soft robots provides safety, a natural adaptation to its
environment, allows to absorb shocks, and protects them against mechanical impacts …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

The healing of diabetic wounds is hindered by various factors, including bacterial infection,
macrophage dysfunction, excess proinflammatory cytokines, high levels of reactive oxygen …

Abstract 3D printing permits the construction of objects by layer‐by‐layer deposition of
material, resulting in precise control of the dimensions and properties of complex printed …

Nature endows numerous organisms with the ability to realize their basic physiological
activities through stimulus-responsive actuation. Inspired by these interesting biological …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …