Separation of liquid–liquid emulsions is a challenging problem that has gained importance
with the development of unconventional oil resources. Large volumes of water contaminated …

Desalination capacity has rapidly increased in the last decade because of the increase in
water demand and a significant reduction in desalination cost as a result of significant …

The economic impact of fouling in spiral wound membranes is not yet well explored. There
has been an established assumption that the cost of fouling in membrane processes is …

Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment, wastewater
reclamation and seawater desalination. Feed spacer present in spiral wound membrane …

Biofouling causes performance loss in spiral wound nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis
(RO) membrane operation for process and drinking water production. The development of …

Because of the uneven distribution of fresh water in time and space, a large number of
regions are experiencing water scarcity and stress. Membrane based desalination …

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive technique for
monitoring fouling in membrane filtration systems for water and wastewater treatment and …

The improvement of feed spacers with optimal geometry remains a key challenge for spiral-
wound membrane systems in water treatment due to their impact on the hydrodynamic …

This study presents a new three-dimensional (3-d) computational model that couples fluid
dynamics, solutes transport and biofouling by biofilm formation in NF and RO membrane …

Feed spacers and hydrodynamics have been found relevant for the impact of biofouling on
performance in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane systems. The …