In humans the ability to digest milk lactose is conferred by a β-galactosidase enzyme called
lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH). While in some humans (approximately two-thirds of …

The human capacity to synchronize movements to an auditory beat is central to musical
behaviour and to debates over the evolution of human musicality. Have humans evolved …

Ancient genomics can directly detect human genetic adaptation to environmental cues.
However, it remains unclear how pathogens have exerted selective pressures on human …

Lactase persistence (LP), the continued expression of lactase into adulthood, is the most
strongly selected single gene trait over the last 10,000 years in multiple human populations …

Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic–Caspian steppe zone
between the Caucasus and the Black Sea as the crucible from which the earliest steppe …

Abstract The Holocene (beginning around 12,000 years ago) encompassed some of the
most significant changes in human evolution, with far-reaching consequences for the …

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions and play critical roles in human health and
disease. Enzyme variants and deficiencies can lead to variable expression of glycans, which …

Evidence for a reduction in stature between Mesolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers has
been interpreted as reflective of declines in health, however, our current understanding of …

Although microbiome science is relatively young, our knowledge of human-microbiome
interactions is growing rapidly and has already begun to transform our understanding of …

Background Domestication and introduction of dairy animals facilitated the permanent
human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau. Yet the history of dairy pastoralism in the Tibetan …