The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

Deciding what to do and when to move is vital to our survival. Clinical and fundamental
studies have identified basal ganglia circuits as critical for this process. The main input …

Efficient retrograde access to projection neurons for the delivery of sensors and effectors
constitutes an important and enabling capability for neural circuit dissection. Such an …

Neuronal cell types are the nodes of neural circuits that determine the flow of information
within the brain. Neuronal morphology, especially the shape of the axonal arbor, provides …

The striatum integrates excitatory inputs from the cortex and the thalamus to control diverse
functions. Although the striatum is thought to consist of sensorimotor, associative and limbic …

Different cortical areas are organized into distinct intracortical subnetworks. The manner in
which descending pathways from the entire cortex interact subcortically as a network …

Parkinson's disease is characterized by abundant α-synuclein (α-Syn) neuronal inclusions,
known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, and the massive loss of midbrain dopamine …

Shifting between goal-directed and habitual actions allows for efficient and flexible decision
making. Here we demonstrate a novel, within-subject instrumental lever-pressing paradigm …

The striatum integrates information from multiple brain regions to shape motor learning. The
two major projection cell types in striatum target different downstream basal ganglia targets …

For goal-directed behaviour it is critical that we can both select the appropriate action and
learn to modify the underlying movements (for example, the pitch of a note or velocity of a …