The rapid progress on the Cu–Sn–S (Cu 2 SnS 3, Cu 3 SnS 4, and Cu 4 SnS 4) solar cells
has opened a new avenue to generate the electrical energy at ultra-low-cost. Therefore, the …

Defects are critical to understanding the electronic properties of semiconducting
compounds, for applications such as light-emitting diodes, transistors, photovoltaics, and …

Alongside with Cu2ZnSnS4 and SnS, the p-type semiconductor Cu2SnS3 also consists of
only Earth abundant and low-cost elements and shows comparable opto-electronic …

Cu 2 SnS 3 thin films were prepared by crystallization in a sulfur/tin mixing atmosphere from
stacked NaF/Cu/Sn precursors deposited by the sequential evaporation of Sn, Cu elements …

The future development of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) as an alternative absorber for low cost and
high efficiency thin film photovoltaic modules depends strongly on the understanding and …

This work reports the analysis of the vibrational properties of stannite–kesterite Cu 2 (Fe, Zn)
SnS 4 compounds that has been performed by Raman scattering measurements. The …

Abstract Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) thin films were produced by the co-evaporation of Cu, Sn, and
cracked sulfur, followed by annealing. The as-deposited films were then annealed at 570 C …

The ternary compound semiconductor Cu2SnS3 (CTS) is formed from non‐toxic materials
that are abundant in Earth's crust and other low‐cost elements. CTS has also been reported …

As the world's demand for energy grows, the search for cost competitive and earth abundant
thin film photovoltaic absorbers is becoming increasingly important. A promising approach to …

Cu2ZnSn (S1–x Se x) 4 (CZTSSe) alloys are promising candidates for low-cost and high-
efficiency thin-film solar cells. Compared to CdTe and Cu (In x Ga1–x) Se2, CZTSSe uses …