Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant
morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium …

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

The granuloma, which is a compact aggregate of immune cells, is the hallmark structure of
tuberculosis. It is historically regarded as a host-protective structure that'walls off'the infecting …

Granulomas are the hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection and thus sit at
the center of tuberculosis (TB) immunopathogenesis. TB can result from either early …

Better understanding of the immunological components and their interactions necessary to
prevent or control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans is critical for …

The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on human latent
tuberculosis infection (LTBI) based on clinical studies and observations, as well as …

RA is a chronic, debilitating disease in which articular inflammation and joint destruction are
accompanied by systemic manifestations including anaemia, fatigue and osteoporosis. IL-6 …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role
in immunity to numerous bacterial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key effector in controlling tuberculosis, is thought to exert
protection by directing formation of granulomas, organized aggregates of macrophages and …