Aims. Solar Orbiter launched in February 2020 with the goal of revealing the connections
between the Sun's interior, atmosphere, and the heliosphere. The Solar Orbiter Heavy Ion …

Heavy ion signatures of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) indicate that rapid and strong
heating takes place during the eruption and early stages of propagation. However, the …

Connecting the solar wind observed throughout the heliosphere to its origins in the solar
corona is one of the central aims of heliophysics. The variability in the magnetic field, bulk …

The charge state composition of the solar wind carries information about the electron
temperature, density, and velocity of plasma in the solar corona that cannot always be …

Magnetic field and plasma properties of the solar wind measured in near-Earth space are a
convolution of coronal source conditions and in-transit processes which take place between …

This paper outlines key scientific topics that are important for the development of solar
system physics and how observations of heavy ion composition can address them. The key …

Nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) is essentially required for astrophysical plasma diagnostics
once the plasma status departs from the assumption of ionization equilibrium. In this work …

We present estimates of the signal to be expected in quiescent solar conditions, as would be
obtained with the COronal Spectrographic Imager in the EUV in its coronagraphic mode …

During transient events such as major solar eruptions, the plasma can be far from the
equilibrium ionization state because of rapid heating or cooling. Nonequilibrium ionization …

Context. A new generation of coronagraphs used to study solar wind and coronal mass
ejections (CMEs) are being developed and launched. These coronagraphs will heavily rely …