This paper reviews the previous studies on mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall, soil
nail (SN) wall, and hybrid earth retaining structures (HERS) to provide a critical appraisal …

Deep excavation in urban areas can cause instability problems due to significant settlement
at the ground surface and large movements at the excavation facing walls. One of the most …

Hybrid earth retaining structure (HERS) is an efficient solution for earth retention problems
that face spatial constraints. Deformation and stability analyses of the HERS have not been …

Excavations for underground structures, such as working shafts, underground grain silos,
and parking garages, are characterized by uniformity, consistent dimensions, large …

Soil nailing is a technique to facilitate the stabilization of an existing or a newly constructed
excavation/slope. With the development in field of infrastructure, transportation and other …

Soil nailing is one of the effective methods of slope stabilization, and its stability mainly
depends on the properties of both the soil and soil nails. Optimizing soil nailing parameters …

Retaining pile structure is commonly utilized in excavation maintenance design. In recent
years, the long-short combined retaining piles have received more and more attention …

Soil nailing is an in situ soil reinforcement technique that can be used to enhance the
stability of slopes, retaining walls, embankments, and excavations. It involves installation of …

Soil nailing and anchoring are effective methods for reinforcing the soil in situ, providing
internal support that enables the earth to sustain itself during and after excavation. To …

Estimating support force and length requirement of each reinforcement layer based on limit
equilibrium framework remains a statically indeterminate problem and consideration of …