According to the premise that the first step to try to solve a problem is to deepen our
knowledge of it as much as possible, this work is mainly aimed at diving into and …

We construct novel text-based measures of firm-level cyber risk exposure based on quarterly
earnings calls of 12,000+ firms from 85 countries over 20+ years. We categorize each …

Cyber attacks can impair banks operations and precipitate bank runs. When digital
infrastructure is shared, banks defend themselves by investing in cybersecurity but can free …

State and local governments are attractive cybercrime targets because of inadequate
cybersecurity and ample access to sensitive information. We show that external data …

This article uses confidential datasets to quantify the effects of a multiday cyberattack on a
shared technology service provider (TSP) to the banking sector. The TSP went offline—a …

This study aimed to uncover weaknesses in securitization strategies for cybersecurity
protections in governments and financial institutions. The problem addressed in this study is …

In a two-period model, a monopolist chooses unobserved data-security investments.
Consumers pay no access fee, but must share their personal data and suffer when data …