Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

Brain dopamine (DA) has long been implicated in cognitive control processes, including
working memory. However, the precise role of DA in cognition is not well-understood, partly …

Research into the heterogeneous nature of cognitive impairment documented in patients
with Parkinson's disease (PD) has focused on disentangling deficits that vary between …

A dopaminergic deficiency in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) causes abnormalities of
movement, behaviour, learning, and emotions. The main motor features (ie, tremor, rigidity …

Cognitive abnormalities are common in Parkinson's disease, with important social and
economic implications. Factors influencing their evolution remain unclear but are crucial to …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with
akinesia, tremor and rigidity. While the characteristic Lewy body pathology targets …

The reason for the high frequency of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease is poorly
understood. Degeneration of neurotransmitter systems other than dopamine might play a …

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars …

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor with
restorative effects in a wide variety of rodent and primate models of Parkinson disease, but …

Dual system theories suggest that behavioral control is parsed between a deliberative
“model-based” and a more reflexive “model-free” system. A balance of control exerted by …