Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically
susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency
and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated
destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically …

The evidence for an association between coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection, pancreatic islet
autoimmunity, and clinical type 1 diabetes is increasing. Results from prospective cohorts …

Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and
herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads …

For over a century, viruses have left a long trail of evidence implicating them as frequent
suspects in the development of type 1 diabetes. Through vigorous interrogation of viral …

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a significant human pathogen that is commonly found
worldwide. CVB3 among other enteroviruses, are the leading causes of aseptic meningo …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exosomes, micro-vesicles, and other vesicles,
mainly originate from the multi-vesicular body (MVB) pathway or plasma membrane. EVs are …

Macrophages are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The role
of macrophages in the transmission of coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) to pancreatic cells and in …

The discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as carriers of virus particles calls for a
reevaluation of the release strategies of non-enveloped viruses. Little is currently known …