Background. Pharmaceutical risk sharing agreements (RSAs) are commonly used to
manage uncertainties in costs and/or clinical benefits when new drugs are added to a …

The vast majority of people in the United States do not access the recommended healthcare
services, and missed opportunities for prevention are costing the country an estimated $55 …

Besides R&D uncertainty, firms in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical sectors face long
lead times to set up production facilities. To reduce time to market in a competitive …

Most rare diseases have no approved treatments available, and doctors often prescribe
existing drugs for “off‐label” use in the sense that a drug is prescribed for a medical …

This paper considers a socially responsible supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and
a retailer, who concern their respective profits as well as consumer welfare. Each firm's …

This paper considers a supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, who
concern their respective profits as well as consumer welfare. Each firm's objective is …

Problem definition: Precision agriculture technologies (PAT) have been introduced to
address the ongoing challenge of food shortage. To incentivize small farmers to adopt PAT …

Subsidy welfare programs provide financial assistance to economically disadvantaged
individuals and families to access essential and life-altering services (eg, education, child …

Governments worldwide have implemented fiscal incentives to promote the electric vehicle
(EV) industry. Alongside these incentives, regulations have been progressively revised to …

Many socially-beneficial services, such as visits to the dentist, are expensive and have long
waiting time. We investigate government policies to increase affordability and timely access …