The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the carbothermic reduction of MnO in the five-
component slag, MnO-SiO 2-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3, is critical in the production process of Mn …

Binary metal oxides are attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Despite
sustained effort into nanomaterials synthesis and understanding the initial discharge …

Charcoal is an interesting reducing agent because it is produced from biomass which is
renewable and does not contribute to global warming, provided that there is a balance …

This paper presents results of a study conducted on the pre-reduction of Assmang and
Comilog ores with gases of CO+ CO 2 and CO+ H 2+ CO 2 up to 1000 C. Non-isothermal …

The increased attention towards reducing emissions of fossil CO2 due to its potential global
warming effect has resulted in a focus on renewable resources, as charcoal. Since charcoal …

Manganese ore smelting is reviewed in terms of processing parameters such as feed
material particle sizes, energy input methods, heat transfer modes, smelting mechanisms …

Pyrolusite was carbothermally reduced using coal by microwave heating, and the crystal
structures and microstructures of the samples were characterized after microwave heating …

The application of natural gas instead of solid carbon to produce ferromanganese is a way
forward in sustainable development. Mass and energy balances for an integrated duplex …

Charcoal is an interesting reducing agent because it is produced from growing wood which
is renewable and does not contribute to global warming, provided that there is a balance …

The Boudouard reactivity of metallurgical coke and densified charcoals was investigated in
this study. Potassium is known to accumulate in ferromanganese furnaces and hence was …