Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial
depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is …

Spreading depression (SD) is an interesting and important phenomenon due to its role in
mammalian pathologies such as migraine, seizures, and stroke. Until recently investigations …

Migraine is a debilitating disorder affecting females more frequently than males. There is
some evidence that drugs targeting glutamate receptors: memantine and ketamine might be …

Understanding the interaction of electric fields with the complex anatomy of biological
excitable media is key to optimizing control strategies for spatiotemporal dynamics in those …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spreading depression (SD) is a local, temporary disruption
of cellular ionic homeostasis that propagates slowly across the cerebral cortex and other …

Cortical spreading depolarization is a metabolically costly phenomenon that affects the brain
in both health and disease. Following severe stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or traumatic …

Background: Primary headache disorders can cause many ophthalmic symptoms that lead
many patients to present for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. Neuro-ophthalmologists …

Headache is an extraordinarily common complaint presenting to medical practitioners in all
arenas and specialties, particularly primary care physicians, neurologists, and …

Utilizing the intrinsic optical signal (IOS) of retinal Spreading Depression (rSD) waves and
the concomitant transparency changes of the tissue, we show that nicotine, in an in vivo near …

Objective.—To describe the syndrome of migraine with binocular blindness. Background.—
Rarely do migraine patients complain of losing vision in both eyes during an attack of …