Mandarin Chinese tones are known to be difficult for second language learners. A large
body of research has examined non-native perception of tones, and may provide useful and …

This study examines the putative benefits of explicit phonetic instruction, high variability
phonetic training, and their effects on adult nonnative speakers' Mandarin tone productions …

The present study examined native language phonological and phonetic factors in non-
native lexical tone perception by tone language listeners, manipulating memory load and …

A growing number of studies on the acquisition of lexical tone by adult learners have
revealed that factors such as language background, musical experience, cognitive abilities …

Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease
with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner's first …

Contrary to studies on speech learning of consonants and vowels, the issue of individual
variability is less well understood in the learning of lexical tones. Whereas existing studies …

Sleep-mediated overnight consolidation has been found to facilitate perceptual learning by
promoting learners' generalization across talkers in their perception of novel segmental …

This study examines second (L2) and third (L3) language learners' pitch perception. We test
the hypothesis that a listener's discrimination of and sensitivity (d') to Japanese pitch accent …

Heritage speakers contend with at least two languages: the less dominant first language
(L1), that is, the heritage language, and the more dominant second language (L2). In some …

Purpose: Although variability of training materials has the potential to benefit the learning of
lexical tones, the benefit is contingent on an individual's pitch aptitude. Previous studies did …