Abstract Purpose of Review Atmospheric blocking events represent some of the most high-
impact weather patterns in the mid-latitudes, yet they have often been a cause for concern in …

Even though meteorologists have been aware of atmospheric blocking for more than 100
years, it is a phenomenon still not well forecast or completely understood. Also, while there …

Abstract The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) defines and
coordinates the main set of future climate projections, based on concentration-driven …

We document the development of the first version of the UK Earth System Model UKESM1.
The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with …

The effective radiative forcing, which includes the instantaneous forcing plus adjustments
from the atmosphere and surface, has emerged as the key metric of evaluating human and …

Results from the fully and biogeochemically coupled simulations in which CO 2 increases at
a rate of 1% yr− 1 (1pctCO2) from its preindustrial value are analyzed to quantify the …

Quantifying signals and uncertainties in climate models is essential for the detection,
attribution, prediction and projection of climate change,–. Although inter-model agreement is …

Abstract Parties to the Paris Agreement agreed to holding global average temperature
increases “well below 2° C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the …

We explore the representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in
27 models from the CMIP6 multimodel ensemble. Comparison with RAPID and SAMBA …

Mineral dust impacts key processes in the Earth system, including the radiation budget,
clouds, and nutrient cycles. We evaluate dust aerosols in 16 models participating in the sixth …