Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic
neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two …

Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and
alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Acrylamide (ACR) is an environmental contaminant and a well-known neurotoxin. Ellagic
acid (EA), a natural plant polyphenol, has shown a variety of beneficial effects. The present …

Orexins [orexin-A (OXA) and orexin-B (OXB)] are two isoforms of neuropeptides produced by
the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of orexins, focused on the central nervous …

Objective (s): Metformin (Met), an antidiabetic biguanide, reduces hyperglycemia via
improving glucose utilization and reducing the gluconeogenesis. Met has been shown to …

Introduction Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly
controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a …

Abstract Background Orexins (hypocretins, Hcrt) A and B are GPCR-binding hypothalamic
neuropeptides known to regulate sleep/wake states and feeding behavior. A few studies …

Abstract The Achillea millefolium L.(Yarrow) is a common herb which is widely being used,
worldwide. Achillea is being used for treatment of many disorders since centuries. It is …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orexin-A (OX-A) and the orexin-
1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) on motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of …

Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis are usually attributed to demyelinating lesions in
the spinal cord or cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus is a region that is often overlooked yet …