Purpose: To review the physiologic role of nitric oxide, an unusual messenger molecule that
mediates blood vessel relaxation, neurotransmission, and pathogen suppression. Data …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious aerosolizable intracellular pathogen that is
capable of causing a debilitating or fatal disease with doses as low as 25 colony-forming …

The facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent and
contagious organism, and little is known about its intracellular survival mechanisms. We …

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the
debilitating febrile illness tularemia. Although natural infections by F. tularensis are sporadic …

Tularemia is a zoonosis of humans caused by infection with the facultative intracellular
bacterium Francisella tularensis. Interest in F. tularensis has increased markedly in the past …

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that is crucially involved in a
wide range of infectious diseases. In several experimental models of bacterial, parasitic …

The results show that Listeria monocytogenes, Francisella tularensis, and Salmonella
typhimurium are facultative intracellular bacteria with a capacity to invade and grow in …

It is established that Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, and
enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica share a ca. 70-kb …

Microbial ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoproteins, activate
Toll‐like receptors (TLR) of mononuclear phagocytes, thereby inducing proinflammatory …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical molecule that not only serves as a vasodilator and
neurotransmitter but also acts as a cytotoxic effector molecule of the immune system. The …