Oxidative stress, defined as an excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative
to antioxidant defense, has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of …

The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are
closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by …

Insulin has important vascular actions to stimulate production of nitric oxide from
endothelium. This leads to capillary recruitment, vasodilation, increased blood flow, and …

Although neurohumoral antagonism has successfully reduced heart failure morbidity and
mortality, the residual disability and death rate remains unacceptably high. Though …

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of exercise training and its effects on outcomes in
patients with heart failure. METHODS: MEDLINE, Medscape, and the Cochrane Controlled …

Increasing evidence points to insulin resistance as a primary etiologic factor in the
development of nonischemic heart failure (HF). The myocardium normally responds to injury …

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and
respiration. Muscle loss occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) …

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) was reported to be associated with chronic heart failure
(CHF). Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing hormone with anti-inflammatory activity, improves …

Natriuretic peptide (NP) deficiency and sustained renin‐angiotensin system activation are
associated with impaired oxidative metabolism and predispose to type‐2 diabetes. We …

Exercise capacity is lowered in patients with heart failure, which limits their daily activities
and also reduces their quality of life. Furthermore, lowered exercise capacity has been well …