Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to the dysfunction of various tissues and
organs, including eyes, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder that results from the T cell-
mediated destruction of the pancreatic β cells and is due to interactions between …

Background Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is becoming an effective treatment
modality for an increasing number of malignancies. As a result, autoinflammatory side …

In the past decade, a number of case–control studies have been carried out to investigate
the relationship between the CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes (T1D) …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an important mediators of T-cell
activation in autoimmune diseases. The association of polymorphisms of CTLA gene with …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is comprised of two predominant subtypes: type 1 diabetes mellitus
(T1DM), accounting for approximately 5% of cases worldwide and resulting from …

Although the polymorphisms of PTPN22 and the variants of CTLA-4 have been reported to
be the susceptibility genes, which increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults …

Alloimmunity driving rejection in the context of solid organ transplantation can be grossly
divided into mechanisms predominantly driven by either T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) …

This study aimed at assessing the nature and significance of associations between various
alleles of HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DQB1, and type I diabetes (T1D) in Arab populations. Evidence …

Several studies confirmed the association of HLA-DRB1 and-DQB1 alleles with altered risk
of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, data from individual studies based on small sample sizes …