The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the
potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an …

The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous
system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as …

Noninvasive brain stimulation/modulation is a rapidly emerging technique that has been
implemented in different clinical applications. The commonly noninvasive techniques used …

Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light might
represent a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the dosimetry of …

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light
from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM …

Cognitive function is an important ability of the brain, but cognitive dysfunction can easily
develop once the brain is injured in various neuropathological conditions or diseases …

Photobiomodulation (PBM) can be described as the intentional use of low-power laser or
light-emitting diode light in the visible and near-infrared light spectra as a medical treatment …

Previous research has demonstrated the beneficial effect brought by transcranial
photobiomodulation (tPBM). The present study is a further investigation of pulsed …

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a form of low-dose light therapy that acts through energy
delivery from non-ionizing sources. During the recent two decades, there has been …

In this review, we discuss the crucial role of cranial and the extracranial lymphatics in
keeping the central nervous system (CNS) health. We talk about the important lymphatic …