Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport
protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation …

The development of the vertebrate eyes is a complex process starting from anterior-posterior
and dorso-ventral patterning of the anterior neural tube, resulting in the formation of the eye …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as
ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to …

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) constitute a simple layer of cuboidal cells that are
strategically situated behind the photoreceptor (PR) cells. The inconspicuousness of this …

Retinoids are required for maintaining many essential physiological processes in the body,
including normal growth and development, normal vision, a healthy immune system, normal …

By definition, a vitamin is a substance that must be obtained regularly from the diet. Vitamin
A must be acquired from the diet, but unlike most vitamins, it can also be stored within the …

The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its
importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater …

Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that occurs in various chemical forms. It is
essential for several physiological processes. Either hyper-or hypovitaminosis can be …

Retinoic acid (RA), the active form of vitamin A, is a small lipophilic molecule that acts as a
signalling molecule in vertebrates by binding to nuclear receptors (heterodimers of RA …

Carotenoids exert a rich variety of physiological functions in mammals and are beneficial for
human health. These lipids are acquired from the diet and metabolized to apocarotenoids …