[HTML][HTML] Human topoisomerases and their roles in genome stability and organization

Y Pommier, A Nussenzweig, S Takeda… - … Reviews Molecular Cell …, 2022 - nature.com
Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

Epigenetic regulation of T cell exhaustion

JA Belk, B Daniel, AT Satpathy - Nature immunology, 2022 - nature.com
Chronic antigen stimulation during viral infections and cancer can lead to T cell exhaustion,
which is characterized by reduced effector function and proliferation, and the expression of …

Genome folding through loop extrusion by SMC complexes

IF Davidson, JM Peters - Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2021 - nature.com
Genomic DNA is folded into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which
serve important structural and regulatory roles. It has been proposed that these genomic …

Enhancer–promoter interactions can bypass CTCF-mediated boundaries and contribute to phenotypic robustness

S Chakraborty, N Kopitchinski, Z Zuo, A Eraso… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
How enhancers activate their distal target promoters remains incompletely understood. Here
we dissect how CTCF-mediated loops facilitate and restrict such regulatory interactions …

Untangling the roles of TOP2A and TOP2B in transcription and cancer

L Uusküla-Reimand, MD Wilson - Science advances, 2022 - science.org
Type II topoisomerases (TOP2) are conserved regulators of chromatin topology that catalyze
reversible DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and are essential for maintaining genomic …

Subtype-specific 3D genome alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia

J Xu, F Song, H Lyu, M Kobayashi, B Zhang, Z Zhao… - Nature, 2022 - nature.com
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) represents a set of heterogeneous myeloid malignancies,
and hallmarks include mutations in epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors and kinases …

Loop extrusion as a mechanism for formation of DNA damage repair foci

C Arnould, V Rocher, AL Finoux, T Clouaire, K Li… - Nature, 2021 - nature.com
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for safeguarding genome
integrity. When a DSB forms, the PI3K-related ATM kinase rapidly triggers the establishment …

New developments on the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data portal

Y Luo, BC Hitz, I Gabdank, JA Hilton… - Nucleic acids …, 2020 - academic.oup.com
Abstract The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is an ongoing collaborative
research project aimed at identifying all the functional elements in the human and mouse …

Promoter-proximal CTCF binding promotes distal enhancer-dependent gene activation

N Kubo, H Ishii, X Xiong, S Bianco… - Nature structural & …, 2021 - nature.com
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) works together with the cohesin complex to drive the
formation of chromatin loops and topologically associating domains, but its role in gene …

Genome control by SMC complexes

C Hoencamp, BD Rowland - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2023 - nature.com
Many cellular processes require large-scale rearrangements of chromatin structure.
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are molecular machines …