Spaced retrieval practice: Can restudying trump retrieval?

PA Higham, GM Fastrich, R Potts, K Murayama… - Educational Psychology …, 2023 - Springer
We investigated spaced retrieval and restudying in 3 preregistered, online experiments. In
all experiments, participants studied 40 Swahili–English word pair translations during an …

Effortful tests and repeated metacognitive judgments enhance future learning

SD Davis, JCK Chan - Educational Psychology Review, 2023 - Springer
Prior testing can facilitate subsequent learning, a phenomenon termed the forward testing
effect (FTE). We examined a metacognitive account of this effect, which proposes that the …

Judgments of learning reactively facilitate visual memory by enhancing learning engagement

A Shi, C Xu, W Zhao, DR Shanks, X Hu, L Luo… - Psychonomic Bulletin & …, 2023 - Springer
Recent studies have found that making judgments of learning (JOLs) for verbal materials
changes memory itself, a form of reactivity effect on memory. The current study explores the …

Why do judgments of learning modify memory? Evidence from identical pairs and relatedness judgments.

V Halamish, M Undorf - Journal of Experimental Psychology …, 2023 - psycnet.apa.org
Research has observed that monitoring one's own learning modifies memory for some
materials but not for others. Specifically, making judgments of learning (JOLs) while learning …

Metamemory judgments have dissociable reactivity effects on item and interitem relational memory.

W Zhao, J Li, DR Shanks, B Li, X Hu… - Journal of …, 2023 - psycnet.apa.org
Making metamemory judgments reactively changes item memory itself. Here we report the
first investigation of reactive influences of making judgments of learning (JOLs) on interitem …

Memory for inter-item relations is reactively disrupted by metamemory judgments

W Zhao, Y Yin, X Hu, DR Shanks, C Yang… - Metacognition and …, 2023 - Springer
Item memory (eg, recall or recognition of specific items) can reactively change when
metacognitively monitored via judgments of learning (JOLs). The current research explores …

Confidence ratings increase response thresholds in decision making

B Li, X Hu, DR Shanks, N Su, W Zhao, L Meng… - Psychonomic Bulletin & …, 2024 - Springer
Many mental processes are reactive–they are altered as a result of introspection and
monitoring. It has been documented that soliciting trial-by-trial confidence ratings (CRs) …

Judgments of learning enhance recall for category-cued but not letter-cued items

ML Rivers, J Dunlosky, JL Janes, AE Witherby… - Memory & …, 2023 - Springer
Making immediate judgments of learning (JOLs) during study can influence later memory
performance, with a common outcome being that JOLs improve cued-recall performance for …

Individual differences in the reactivity effect of judgments of learning: Cognitive factors

W Zhao, S Liu, X Tian, B Li, DR Shanks, C Yang… - Journal of Memory and …, 2025 - Elsevier
An emerging body of studies has demonstrated that asking participants to make concurrent
judgments of learning (JOLs) during learning can reactively change (typically enhance) their …

Does the reactivity effect of judgments of learning transfer to learning of new information?

B Li, W Zhao, A Shi, Y Zhong, X Hu, M Liu, L Luo… - Memory, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
Making judgments of learning (JOLs) can reactively change memory, a phenomenon termed
the reactivity effect. The current study was designed to explore whether the reactivity effect …