Uncovering the cis-regulatory code that governs when and how much each gene is
transcribed in a given genome and cellular state remains a central goal of biology. Here, we …

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise about half of the mammalian genome. TEs often
contain sequences capable of recruiting the host transcription machinery, which they use to …

Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Genomes have complex three-dimensional architectures. The recent convergence of
genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological methods has uncovered several …

Spatiotemporal gene expression programmes are orchestrated by transcriptional
enhancers, which are key regulatory DNA elements that engage in physical contacts with …

Precise patterns of gene expression in metazoans are controlled by three classes of
regulatory elements: promoters, enhancers and boundary elements. During differentiation …

Shadow enhancers are seemingly redundant transcriptional cis-regulatory elements that
regulate the same gene and drive overlapping expression patterns. Recent studies have …

Developmental enhancers mediate on/off patterns of gene expression in specific cell types
at particular stages during metazoan embryogenesis. They typically integrate multiple …

The spatiotemporal control of gene expression is dependent on the activity of cis-acting
regulatory sequences, called enhancers, which regulate target genes over variable genomic …

Distant-acting tissue-specific enhancers, which regulate gene expression, vastly outnumber
protein-coding genes in mammalian genomes, but the functional importance of this …