Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules that
are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by …

Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine,
which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight …

As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in
maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform …

For decades, lactic acid has been considered a dead-end product of glycolysis. Research in
the last 20+ years has shown otherwise. Through its transporters (MCTs) and receptor …

The nervous system and immune system have broad and overlapping distributions in the
body, and interactions of these ubiquitous systems are central to the field of …

Resveratrol has been reported to protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in
rats, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the current study, we examined whether …

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is the most common cause of vascular cognitive
impairment and affects all levels of the brain's vasculature. Features include diverse …

Inflammasome activation in the central nervous system occurs in both health and disease.
Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that sense specific infectious or host stimuli …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one primary type of calcium (Ca 2+)
permeable channels, and those relevant transmembrane and intracellular TRP channels …

It is well known that certain active ingredients of the plants of Cannabis genus, ie, the
“phytocannabinoids”[pCBs; eg,(−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),(−)-cannabidiol …