Nanoscale magnetic imaging can provide microscopic information about length scales,
inhomogeneity and interactions of materials systems. As such, it is a powerful tool to probe …

We review transport experiments on graphene quantum dots and narrow graphene
constrictions. In a quantum dot, electrons are confined in all lateral dimensions, offering the …

Electrostatic confinement of charge carriers in graphene is governed by Klein tunnelling, a
relativistic quantum process in which particle–hole transmutation leads to unusual …

Topology is a powerful recent concept asserting that quantum states could be globally
protected against local perturbations,. Dissipationless topologically protected states are …

The integer quantised conductance of one-dimensional electron systems is a well-
understood effect of quantum confinement. A number of fractionally quantised plateaus are …

The discovery of the quantum spin Hall (QSH) state, and topological insulators in general,
has sparked strong experimental efforts. Transport studies of the quantum spin Hall state …

Graphene—two-dimensional carbon—is a material with unique mechanical, optical,
chemical, and electronic properties. Its use in a wide range of applications was therefore …

Abstract 2D materials are a family of layered materials exhibiting rich exotic phenomena,
such as valley‐contrasting physics. Down to single‐particle level, unraveling fundamental …

We present exact analytical zero-energy solutions for a class of smooth-decaying potentials,
showing that the full confinement of charge carriers in electrostatic potentials in graphene …

The quantum Hall effect is the seminal example of topological protection, as charge carriers
are transmitted through one-dimensional edge channels where backscattering is prohibited …