Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complex syndrome that develops in patients with
cirrhosis and is characterized by acute decompensation, organ failure (s) and high short …

Tissue injury initiates an inflammatory response through the actions of immunostimulatory
molecules referred to as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs …

Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts derived from bacteria. Thus, they bear
molecules, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that contains CpG DNA repeats and N …

Cytokines play an important role in host defense against microorganisms. They orchestrate
innate immunity by inducing protective local inflammation and systemic acute phase …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million
individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low-and middle-income …

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of postoperative
renal allograft dysfunction, which is mainly the result of proinflammatory reactions including …

Renal proximal tubular cells (PTECs) participate in several mechanisms of innate immunity,
express toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and proinflammatory cytokines. Hyperuricemia may be a …

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) constitutes the end stage of a broad range of heterogeneous
interstitial lung diseases, characterized by the destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma …

This study aimed to investigate the renal protective effect of atorvastatin (ATV) on the kidney
inflammation induced by calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. A cell model of cell‐crystal …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating pathologic condition, associated with
considerable high morbidity and mortality. Although significant breakthroughs have been …