Synchronous rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting temporal coordination of
neural activity in the brain-wide network. This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral …

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. Disturbances in
glutamate-mediated neurotransmission have been increasingly documented in a range of …

Projections from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA),
containing both GABAergic and glutamatergic components, encode conditioned responses …

For over three decades, Allan N. Schore has authored numerous volumes, chapters, and
articles on regulation theory, a biopsychosocial model of the development …

The activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons promotes behavioral
responses to rewards and environmental stimuli that predict them. VTA GABA inputs …

Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. Almost all
caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food), most of it from coffee and tea …

Extraversion has two central characteristics:(1) interpersonal engagement, which consists of
affiliation (enjoying and valuing close interpersonal bonds, being warm and affectionate) …

The highly disagreeable sensation of pain results from an extraordinarily complex and
interactive series of mechanisms integrated at all levels of the neuroaxis, from the periphery …

Many lesion studies report an amazing variety of deficits in behavioral functions that cannot
possibly be encoded in great detail by the relatively small number of midbrain dopamine …

Craving, defined as the subjective experience of an urge or desire to use substances, has
been identified in clinical, laboratory, and preclinical studies as a significant predictor of …